An Improved Watermarking Algorithm Robust to Temporal Desynchronization Attacks

Abstract

The watermarking scheme based on finite state machine can achieve temporal desynchronization without additional synchronization signals or exhaustive search. However, the resistance to the frame dropping attack and the decimation attack is highly dependent on the repetition redundancy unit. When the video is truncated, permuted and reassembled, the extracted watermark has a low bit correct rate (BCR). In this work, we analyze and improve the correlation-based extracting method for spread-spectrum watermarking and propose a non-synchronization extracting strategy based on statistical inference. The proposed method is resistant to most of the temporal synchronization attacks.